[{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"344854","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0704005","giuuid":"E5548053FF8C42B091B97D0FADC191D8","gititle":"什么是地震的次生灾害？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办","gidate":"2025-07-04 09:08:17","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地震灾害打破了自然界原有的平衡状态或社会正常秩序从而导致的灾害，称为地震次生灾害。如地震引起的火灾、水灾，有毒容器破坏后毒气、毒液或放射性物质等泄漏造成的灾害等。地震后还会引发种种社会性灾害，如瘟疫与饥荒。社会经济技术的发展还带来新的继发性灾害，如通信事故、计算机事故等。这些灾害是否发生或灾害大小，往往与社会条件有着更为密切的关系。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"344853","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0704004","giuuid":"41428364ABD24B78A12B8A4F2FD4924A","gititle":"什么是地震的直接灾害？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-07-04 09:06:50","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地震直接灾害是指由地震的原生现象，如地震断层错动，大范围地面倾斜、升降和变形，以及地震波引起的地面震动等所造成的直接后果。包括：建筑物和构筑物的破坏或倒塌； 地面破坏，如地裂缝、地基沉陷、喷水冒砂等；山体等自然物的破坏，如山崩、滑坡、泥石流等；水体的振荡，如海啸、湖震等；其他如地光烧伤人畜等。以上破坏是造成震后人员伤亡、生命线工程毁坏、社会经济受损等灾害后果最直接、最重要的原因。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"344851","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0704003","giuuid":"F3966A70C3F14F888822E5F2585E3FAF","gititle":"在商场、书店、展览馆、地铁等处怎样避震?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-07-04 09:01:24","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"选择结实的柜台、商品(如低矮家具等)或柱子边，以及内墙角等处就地蹲下，用手或其他东西护头; 避开玻璃门窗、玻璃橱窗或柜台;避开高大不稳或摆放重物、易碎品的货架;避开广告牌、吊灯等高耸悬挂物。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"344850","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0704002","giuuid":"B87C5219521F4948BABEFC602788E768","gititle":"什么是地震应急？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-07-04 08:57:49","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地震应急就是为应付突发地震事件而采取的震前应急准备、临震应急防范和震后应急救援等应急响应行动。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"344849","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0704001","giuuid":"474DEBF13BEC40CEB2A8253549941FA4","gititle":"避震时应怎样保护自己？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-07-04 08:52:26","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"1.采取有利于避震的姿势——趴下，使身体重心降到最低，脸朝下，不要压住口鼻，以利呼吸；——蹲下或坐下，尽量蜷曲身体；——抓住身边牢固的物体，以防身体移位，暴露在坚实物体外而受伤。2.保护身体的重要部位——保护头颈部：低头，用手护住头部和后颈；有可能时，用身边的物品，如枕头、被褥等顶在头上；——保护眼睛：低头、闭眼，以防异物伤害；——保护口、鼻：有可能时，可用湿毛巾捂住口、鼻，以防灰土..."},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"338371","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0409005","giuuid":"738AABAAC1944BB5922A17EF7ACE6C87","gititle":"什么叫震源深度？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-04-09 15:59:49","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"从震源到地面的距离叫做震源深度。震源深度在60千米以内的地震为浅源地震，震源深度超过300千米的地震为深源地震，震源深度为60～300千米的地震为中源地震。同样强度的地震，震源越浅，所造成的影响或破坏越重。我国绝大多数地震为浅源地震。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"338366","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0409004","giuuid":"785445F9C40D4645A3D67DC4431518C7","gititle":"什么叫震源?什么叫震中，它是怎样确定的?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-04-09 15:47:35","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地球内部直接产生破裂的地方称为震源，它是一个区域，但研究地震时常把它看成一个点。地面上正对着震源的那一点称为震中，它实际上也是一个区域。根据地震仪记录测定的震中称为微观震中，用经纬度表示；根据地震宏观调查所确定的震中称为宏观震中，它是极震区(震中附近破坏最严重的地区)的几何中心，也用经纬度表示。由于方法不同，宏观震中与微观震中往往并不重合。1900年以前没有仪器记录时，地震的震中位置都是按破坏范围..."},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"338365","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0409003","giuuid":"B439EE08CA934A978D1A11438828DB42","gititle":"什么是震级?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-04-09 15:45:02","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"震级是地震释放能量的大小。震级小于3级的地震为弱震; 震级大于或等于3级，小于或等于5级的地震为有感地震; 震级大于5级小于6级的地震为中强震; 等于或大于6级的地震为强震，其中震级大于或等于8级的地震为巨大地震。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"338364","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0409002","giuuid":"7F04F8DC50344D52BBA22FB7E4C7EB8A","gititle":"地震按震级大小可分为几类？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-04-09 15:38:13","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地震按震级大小的划分大致如下：弱震 震级小于3级。如果震源不是很浅，这种地震人们一般不易觉察。有感地震 震级大于或等于3级、小于或等于4.5级。这种地震人们能够感觉到，但一般不会造成破坏。中强震 震级大于4.5级、小于6级，属于可造成损坏或破坏的地震，但破坏轻重还与震源深度、震中距等多种因素有关。强震 震级大于或等于6级，是能造成严重破坏的地震。其中震级大于或等于8级的又称为巨大地震。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"338362","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0409001","giuuid":"7B0DAE95353A43C89485F55B44C07369","gititle":"什么叫地震波，它有哪些类型？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-04-09 15:32:20","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地震发生时，地下岩层断裂错位释放出巨大的能量，激发出一种向四周传播的弹性波，这就是地震波。地震波主要分为体波和面波。体波可以在三维空间中向任何方向传播，又可分为纵波和横波。纵波 振动方向与波的传播方向一致的波，传播速度较快，到达地面时人感觉颠动，物体上下跳动。横波 振动方向与波的传播方向垂直，传播速度比纵波慢，到达地面时人感觉摇晃，物体会来回摆动。面波 当体波到达岩层界面或地表时，会产生沿..."},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"333665","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0218005","giuuid":"0D74A89000F440B28E41D1DE3CA41318","gititle":"天然地震有几种类型？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-02-18 16:09:56","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"天然地震主要有三种类型：火山地震、陷落地震和构造地震。火山地震是由于火山喷发，使岩浆冲击地表而引起的地面振动。火山地震影响范围比较小，造成的破坏相对较小。陷落地震是由于地层陷落引起的地面振动。比如地下的石灰岩溶洞坍塌，或者矿山采空区的塌陷，都会引起小范围的地面振动。这种地震一般破坏程度不大。我们平时所说的地震叫构造地震。构造地震是由于地下深处岩层错动、破裂所造成的。这类地震大约占到全球地..."},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"333661","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0218004","giuuid":"4F1128E9BDC44040AC1601BAE5EECB6A","gititle":"地震发生时，在家中如何进行个人防护?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-02-18 16:06:20","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"保持清醒冷静头脑，做出敏捷反应，是保障安全的关键。在家中要就地避险，不可贸然外逃，可选择较安全的地方(如床下、桌子底下)躲避;住单元楼内，可选择开间小的卫生间、厨房、储藏室及墙角躲避;同时，要关闭电源，关闭煤气，熄灭炉火，防止发生火灾和煤气泄溢;高层住户向下转移时，千万不能跳楼，也不能乘电梯。当大地震后，利用两次地震之间的间隙，迅速撤离。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"333658","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0218003","giuuid":"C826349E8B584EAEAFAE9ADF0058549D","gititle":"地震时，人员疏散应避开哪些地方?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-02-18 16:01:18","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"高大建筑物、窄小胡同、高压线、变压器、陡山坡、河岸边。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"333656","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0218002","giuuid":"B91BBB59344B41D5A4582205062CEB1C","gititle":"地震发生时，在工作岗位如何进行个人防护?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-02-18 15:55:34","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"在办公室内要赶紧藏在办公桌下，震后从楼梯迅速撤离;正在工厂上班的工人，要立即关闭机器，切断电源，然后迅速撤到安全处。对于特殊的部门(如电厂、煤气厂、钢厂、核反应堆等)按专门操作程序运作。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"333655","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2025-0218001","giuuid":"E16DBDF85C44497A9C82C30561BFB689","gititle":"在日常中可以做些什么防震准备？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2025-02-18 15:34:05","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"（1）加固家中墙壁上的悬挂物。（2）门口、走廊不堆积杂物，保证疏散通道畅通。（3）准备好地震应急包，包中应备好水、食物、急救药品、口哨等基本用品。（4）制定地震疏散路线图，定期进行地震疏散演练，熟悉逃生路线。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"325721","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2024-1125027","giuuid":"1FC4960EB53840CC8DB5CECAB7AF6C60","gititle":"什么是强余震？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2024-11-25 17:09:52","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"一次强震的能量充分释放需要一个过程，因此主震后一般都会有余震发生，但余震也有强有弱，比较小的余震只能引起轻微的地面震动，不容易引发灾害，而强余震则很可能引发受损建筑物的进一步破坏或倒塌，造成新的伤亡。强余震的震级一般小于主震，但造成的破坏和影响不可忽视。因此，要重视和防范强余震。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"325716","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2024-1125026","giuuid":"1C48CF39DE4540E084E7BB78BBFD992F","gititle":"什么是地震活动断层?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2024-11-25 16:50:55","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地壳岩层因受力达到一定强度而发生破裂，并沿破裂面有明显相对移动的构造称断层。活动断层指１万年以来有活动的断层。地震活动断层是指曾发生和可能再发生地震的活动断层。 地震活动断层具有很强的破坏力，因此要探测活动断层的位置，建筑尽可能地避开地震活动断层。"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"325714","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2024-1125025","giuuid":"DB6D5FD7DB3C42B8B8A4E53BA401F760","gititle":"什么叫地震基本烈度?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2024-11-25 16:41:07","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"地震烈度是指地震引起的地面震动及其影响的强弱程度。当以地震烈度为指标，按照某一原则，对全国进行地震烈度区划，编制成地震烈度区划图，并作为建设工程抗震设防依据时，区划图可标志烈度便被称之为“地震基本烈度”。 我国从二十世纪五十年代开始至九十年代，相继编制了三次地震烈度区划图。通常被称为第一代、第二代、第三代地震烈度区划图。由于这三代区划图的编图原则不同，因此，各图的基本烈度的定义也不相同。第一代..."},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"325708","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2024-1125020","giuuid":"D50D9957A2C34AAB9F3B905215CFA1BD","gititle":"听到地震谣言应该怎么办？","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2024-11-25 16:36:43","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"首先，不相信。（尽管地震预测尚未过关，但是有地震部门在进行监测研究，有政府部门在组织和部署有关防震减灾工作，因此不要相信毫无科学根据的地震谣传。）其次，不传播。（应当相信，只要政府知道破坏性地震将要发生，是绝对不会向人民群众隐瞒的。因此，如果听到地震谣传，千万不要继续传播。）最后，及时报告。（当听到地震传闻时，要及时向当地政府和地震部门反映，协助地震部门平息谣传。）"},{"gicategorycode":"","giinfoid":"325703","giindentifier":"11532328015177503N-/2024-1125018","giuuid":"EB64B0FDDA8141EC90E3511A9D334102","gititle":"地震是如何分布的?","subcatcode":"县地震局","gitcatcode":"","giccatcode":"","gipubcodes":"元谋县政府办、","gidate":"2024-11-25 16:20:22","gidocno":"","gisubterm":"","gipubcode":"ymx","summary":"全球大部分地震发生在大构造板块的边界上，一部分发生在板块内部的活动断裂上。根据全球构造板块学说，地壳被一些构造活动带分割为彼此相对运动的板块，板块当中有的块大，有的块小。六个大的板块为：太平洋板块、亚欧板块、非洲板块、美洲板块、印度洋板块和南极板块。 经科学研究，全球主要地震活动带有三个：1）环太平洋地震带：即太平洋的周边地区，包括南美洲的智利、秘鲁，北美洲的危地马拉、墨西哥、美国等国家的西海..."}]
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